A Cambodian public health program to control the spread of HIV among sex workers and their clients, launched in 1999 under the slogan No condom, no sex, with enforcement of condom use and accompanying sexually transmitted infection treatment services for sex workers formally implemented from 2001. The program combined monthly free screening and treatment for sexually transmitted infections at designated health centers for all brothel-based sex workers, training for brothel managers on supporting condom use, and venue monitoring backed by fines and penalties for brothels found non-compliant, and it proved instrumental in its early years in controlling HIV infection in commercial sex settings, with more than 80 percent of sex workers reporting condom use at last intercourse. Cambodia's national HIV prevalence fell from a peak of 1.7 percent in 1998 to 0.6 percent by 2015, and the 100% Condom Use Programme has since expanded to help ensure condom access for other populations at higher risk of HIV, including people who inject drugs, gay men and other men who have sex with men, and transgender people.
Facts
Program StatusOngoing (a 2008 evaluation found limited coverage and weak implementation capacity contributing to sustained STI prevalence) 1 Sponsoring BodyCambodia's Ministry of Health, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Dermatology and STDs (NCHADS) 1 Target PopulationBrothel-based female sex workers in Cambodia 1 Geographic ScopeNationwide Cambodia (piloted in Sihanouk Ville in 1998, implemented nationally in 2001) 1 Measured ResultsSyphilis prevalence among female sex workers fell from 13.8 percent in 1996 to 3.7 percent in 2001, and gonorrhoea fell from 23.2 percent to 13.3 percent over the same period, with little further decline by 2005 1 Program status (class) Classification
Program Kind Connections
Delivers Practice
Entity-backed identity for the program-kind enum value this public health program already carries, resolved to a health practice by an explicit value-to-entity map (phase 3 bucket conversion, docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md). The program-kind fact itself stays on the program unchanged.
In the Other Atlases
- Also in Geography Atlas: Asia, found in there.
Sources
1. Sustained high prevalence of STIs among female sex workers in Cambodia (BMC Infectious Diseases 2008)
Heng Sopheab et al., BMC Infectious Diseases (BioMed Central)Background section, pilot origin sentence
This programme was piloted in 1998 in Sihanouk Ville, a province characterized by a high prevalence of HIV infection (52% in 1996) among brothel-based FSWs.
Acknowledgements
We thank Dr. Mun Phalkun and Surveillance Unit staff, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Dermatology and STDs (NCHADS), Cambodia's Ministry of Health, for their assistance with the data collection.
Abstract, Background
Cambodia's 100% Condom-Use Programme (CUP), implemented nationally in 2001, requires brothel-based female sex workers (FSWs) to use condoms with all clients.
Abstract, Conclusion
Limited coverage and weak implementation capacity of the programme along with questionable quality of the STI services are likely to have contributed to the sustained high prevalence.
Results, STI prevalence trends
Syphilis prevalence declined from 13.8% in 1996 to 3.7% in 2001 but had not changed (3.6%) in 2005; gonorrhoea prevalence declined from 23.2% in 1996 to 13.3% in 2001 but stayed at 13.0% in 2005.
Program classification, entity description sentence
The program combined monthly free screening and treatment for sexually transmitted infections at designated health centers for all brothel-based sex workers, training for brothel managers on supporting condom use, and venue monitoring backed by fines and penalties for brothels found non-compliant, and it proved instrumental in its early years in controlling HIV infection in commercial sex settings, with more than 80 percent of sex workers reporting condom use at last intercourse.
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