Indonesia National Immunization Program

Indonesia's national childhood vaccination effort, launched in 1977 as the country's Expanded Program on Immunization under the Ministry of Health with technical support from the World Health Organization and UNICEF. The program's vaccine schedule has broadened substantially since its founding, adding hepatitis B vaccine in 1997, a combined pentavalent vaccine covering diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae type b in 2013, inactivated polio vaccine in 2016 and measles-rubella vaccine in 2017, with the Ministry of Health's National Immunization Program managing forecasting, procurement planning and technical guidance nationally while service delivery has been decentralized to local governments since 2001. Financing for the program now sits alongside Indonesia's national health insurance scheme, Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional, established in 2014 to consolidate the country's previously separate public health insurance programs into a single unified system.