Practices
Community-Led Total Sanitation
Also Known As CLTS
Sanitation Practice
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A rural sanitation approach developed by Kamal Kar around 2000 in Bangladesh that works without hardware subsidies, instead facilitating communities to recognize and confront the practice of open defecation for themselves so that abandoning it becomes a spontaneous, community-driven decision. It marked a deliberate break from earlier subsidized-latrine programs, and its long-term effectiveness is actively debated.
Facts
Practice ClassHygiene and sanitation, behavior change 1 Cross-Tradition Connections
Sources
Open Questions (1 open question)
Does Community-Led Total Sanitation produce durable behavior change, or does open-defecation-free status commonly slip?
A systematic review of 200 studies concluded the evidence base on CLTS effectiveness is still weak, with little monitoring or evaluation of impacts despite large international funders backing the approach. A 2013 study of 116 African villages declared open defecation free after CLTS found that, using broader criteria, an overall slippage rate of 92 percent had occurred, and a 2018 study found little evidence for sustained sanitation behavior change as a result of CLTS.
What would resolve this Long-term, controlled follow-up studies tracking latrine use, sustained open-defecation-free status and health outcomes several years after a community's CLTS trigger event, rather than short-term post-triggering counts alone.
Public health and development economics, through long-term randomized or controlled evaluation.Wikipedia: Community-led Total Sanitation
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