The history and practice of clean water, waste disposal and personal cleanliness as disease prevention, among the oldest and most consequential branches of public health practice, credited with mortality reductions that predate germ theory's own confirmation.
Facts
Central QuestionHow does keeping water, waste and the human body clean prevent disease, and what infrastructure does that cleanliness require at population scale. 1 Key DebateCommunity-Led Total Sanitation, the field's own leading approach to ending open defecation without hardware subsidies, was originally built to work by provoking shame and disgust about open defecation, and even as its own practitioners have shifted the emphasis toward self-respect and pride, documented bad-practice cases including fines, public taunting, the posting of humiliating pictures and even violence have drawn direct criticism from human rights figures such as former United Nations Special Rapporteur Catarina de Albuquerque, leaving the field with a live dispute over whether a genuinely participatory method can be separated from the coercion it was built to avoid. 2 Key DebateHistorians of public health debate how much of the nineteenth century mortality decline in industrializing cities should be credited to sanitation reform specifically, as against rising living standards more broadly, a debate carried honestly rather than settled by this atlas. 1 Connections
Associated With
Access to adequate water, sanitation and hygiene is named among the environmental conditions good health depends on.
Source World Health Organization Official Site
Max von Pettenkofer founded the first institute of experimental hygiene in Munich in 1865.
Source Wikipedia: Swachh Bharat MissionWikipedia contributors
William Gorgas, Figures William Gorgas eliminated yellow-fever and malaria mosquito vectors in Havana and the Panama Canal Zone in the early 1900s.
Includes
Source Encyclopedia Britannica
Source Wikipedia: Community-led Total Sanitation
Source Encyclopedia Britannica
Fecal sludge management (SubLabel Sanitation Practice) is a core sanitation-system practice.
Source Encyclopedia Britannica
Source United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Official Site
Source Encyclopedia Britannica
Menstrual hygiene management (SubLabel Hygiene Practice) is a core hygiene-and-sanitation practice.
Source Encyclopedia Britannica
Safe household water storage (SubLabel Water Safety Practice) is a core hygiene-and-sanitation (WASH) practice.
Sanitation (SubLabel Sanitation Practice) is the defining practice of the Hygiene and Sanitation branch.
Source Encyclopedia Britannica
Sources
1. Encyclopedia Britannica
Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc.Hygiene
hygiene, the science of preserving health.
- Includes: Florence Nightingale
- Includes: Ignaz Semmelweis
- Includes: Chadwick Sanitary Report
- Includes: Water Chlorination, Water purification, water treatment
- Includes: Pasteurization, Pasteurization
- Includes: Edwin Chadwick
View the Source 2. Wikipedia: Community-led Total Sanitation
WikipediaAims and rationale, and Human rights sections
There have been cases of fines (monetary and non-monetary), withholding of entitlements, public taunting, posting of humiliating pictures, and even violence.
- Includes: Community-Led Total Sanitation
View the Source United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Official Site
US Centers for Disease Control and PreventionIncludes: Hand HygieneView the Source World Health Organization Official Site
World Health OrganizationAssociated With: Environmental Health, Environmental health topicQuote, Associated With: Environmental Health, Environmental health topic
Good health depends on clean air, a stable climate, a preserved natural environment, as well as access to adequate water, sanitation and hygiene.
Wikipedia: Swachh Bharat Mission
Wikipedia contributors, Wikimedia FoundationAssociated With: Swachh Bharat Mission
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