Health and Wellness Atlas

How The Body Thrives
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Maternal and Child Health

Also Known As Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health · MNCAH
Population Health Field
Parent and Child, Hand in Hand

The branch of public health devoted to the wellbeing of women through pregnancy, childbirth and the postnatal period, and of children from birth through early life. The World Health Organization treats the two as one continuum of care, organizing its work around the life course so that every pregnant woman, mother, newborn, child and adolescent can survive and thrive. The field's starkest fact is preventability: about 287,000 women died during and following pregnancy and childbirth in 2020, most from causes manageable with timely care from a skilled health professional, and more than half of maternal deaths occur in fragile and humanitarian settings. Child deaths show the same pattern, with many preventable through vaccination, adequate home care, breastfeeding, better nutrition and access to health services.

Facts
Central Question
What conditions, care and services allow every woman and every child not only to survive pregnancy, childbirth and early life but to thrive through them? 1
Key Debate
Whether scarce resources should concentrate on preventing the deaths that skilled care can already avert, or widen to the field's newer ambition that every pregnancy and birth be a positive experience of wellbeing, is a live tension, sharpest in the fragile and humanitarian settings where more than half of maternal deaths occur. 1
Connections

Associated With

Source Sultana et al. 2023: Maternal health voucher scheme and immunization coverage in Bangladesh (Frontiers in Public Health)Sultana, Nazia; Hossain, Aazia; Das, Hemel; Pallikadavath, Saseendran; Koeryaman, Mira; et al.
Source Ley No. 2426 del Seguro Universal Materno Infantil, Bolivia, 21 de noviembre de 2002Congreso Nacional de Bolivia
Source UNFPA Cambodia: Fast Track Initiative Road Map for Reducing Maternal and Newborn Mortality, 2016-2020
Source Care Group approach, Wikipedia
Source Child survival revolution (Wikipedia)
Source Colombian Institute of Family Welfare - Wikipedia
Source www.countdown2030.org: Countdown to 2030
Source Every Newborn Action Plan, WHO
Source PMC: Policy Process and Early Implementation of Free NHIS Coverage for Pregnant Women in Ghana
Source Wikipedia: Global Strategy for Women's and Children's Health
Source pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov: Helping Babies Breathe programme review
Source jhpiego.org: Helping Mothers Survive (Jhpiego)
Source Vajiram and Ravi: Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram current affairs article
Source Reproductive and Child Health Programme in India (BNS Institute)
Source Frontiers in Public Health: Appraisal of Universal Health Insurance and Maternal Health Services Utilization (2024)
Source Wikipedia: Maternal and Child Health Handbook
Source Wikipedia: Integrated Management of Childhood IllnessWikipedia contributors
Source Wikipedia: Janani Suraksha YojanaWikipedia contributors
Source Wikipedia: Beyond Zero
Source PassBlue: A Traditional Chief Slashes Maternal Deaths in Malawi
Source March of Dimes (Wikipedia)
Source Maternal and Child Health Bureau, Wikipedia
Source Merck.com: Merck Expands Access to High-Quality Maternal Care for More Than 30 Million Women Worldwide Through Merck for Mothers
Source www.jnj.com: MomConnect
Source Wikipedia: National Rural Health MissionWikipedia contributors
Source nigeriahealthwatch.com: Nigeria Midwives Service Scheme
Source Nurse-Family Partnership, Wikipedia
Source Partnership for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health, Wikipedia
Source Wikipedia: Safe Motherhood InitiativeWikipedia contributors
Sara Josephine Baker, Figures

Sara Josephine Baker was the first head of the New York City Bureau of Child Hygiene, dramatically reducing infant mortality.

Source Johns Hopkins CCP: Wazazi Nipendeni Safe Motherhood Campaign Launches in Tanzania
Source Wikipedia: National Healthy Mothers, Healthy Babies Coalition
Source WHO AFRO: Government of Uganda Launches National Drive to End Preventable Child and Maternal Deaths
Source Wikipedia: Universal Immunization ProgrammeWikipedia contributors
Source Wikipedia: White Ribbon Alliance

In Branch

Source World Health Organization Official Site

Includes

Source World Health Organization Official Site

Growth monitoring and promotion (SubLabel Nutrition Practice) is delivered as a child-health surveillance practice within maternal and child health programs.

Kangaroo mother care (SubLabel Child Survival Practice) is a maternal and child health practice for low-birth-weight newborn care.

UNICEF, Institutions
Source UNICEF Website
Source GiveWell Report on Vitamin A Supplementation
Sources
1. World Health Organization Official Site
World Health Organization
  • Health topic: Maternal health, Overview
    About 287 000 women died during and following pregnancy and childbirth in 2020. Most maternal deaths are preventable with timely management by a skilled health professional working in a supportive environment.
  • Health topic: Child health, Overview
    Many child deaths are preventable through vaccination, adequate home care, access to health care services, improved rates of breastfeeding and better nutrition.
  • Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health and Ageing Department page, mission
    We lead WHO's work on the life course so that every pregnant woman, mother, newborn, child, adolescent, and older person will survive, thrive and enjoy health and well-being.
  • Health topic: Maternal health, Overview, positive experience line
    Each stage should be a positive experience, ensuring women and their babies reach their full potential for health and well-being.
  • In Branch: Public Health, Health topic: Child health, Overview, opening
    Protecting and improving the health of children is of fundamental importance.
  • Includes: Breastfeeding Promotion, Ten Steps page, maternity services framing
View the Source
GiveWell Report on Vitamin A Supplementation
GiveWell, 2017Includes: Vitamin A Supplementation, Program delivery section
Quote, Includes: Vitamin A Supplementation, Program delivery section
Since its initial linkage with immunization in the 1990s, supplementation has almost always been delivered in combination with other health services.
View the Source
UNICEF Website
UNICEFIncludes: UNICEF, About UNICEF page, mandateView the Source
Wikipedia: Universal Immunization Programme
Wikipedia contributors, Wikimedia FoundationAssociated With: Universal Immunization Programme
Wikipedia: Integrated Management of Childhood Illness
Wikipedia contributors, Wikimedia FoundationAssociated With: Integrated Management of Childhood Illness
Wikipedia: Safe Motherhood Initiative
Wikipedia contributors, Wikimedia FoundationAssociated With: Safe Motherhood Initiative
Wikipedia: Janani Suraksha Yojana
Wikipedia contributors, Wikimedia FoundationAssociated With: Janani Suraksha Yojana
Wikipedia: National Rural Health Mission
Wikipedia contributors, Wikimedia FoundationAssociated With: National Rural Health Mission
PMC: Policy Process and Early Implementation of Free NHIS Coverage for Pregnant Women in Ghana
PMC / National Library of Medicine (peer-reviewed journal article)Associated With: Ghana Free Maternal Health Care Policy, Page text
Quote, Associated With: Ghana Free Maternal Health Care Policy, Page text
Pregnant women were offered free access to health care through National Health Insurance (NHIS) membership in Ghana in 2008, in the latest phase of policy reforms to ensure universal access to maternal health care.
View the Source
Sultana et al. 2023: Maternal health voucher scheme and immunization coverage in Bangladesh (Frontiers in Public Health)
Sultana, Nazia; Hossain, Aazia; Das, Hemel; Pallikadavath, Saseendran; Koeryaman, Mira; et al., Frontiers in Public Health, 2023Associated With: Bangladesh Maternal Health Voucher Scheme, Page text
Quote, Associated With: Bangladesh Maternal Health Voucher Scheme, Page text
The voucher scheme has both direct and indirect impact on the provision and uptake of various components of maternal and child health services.
View the Source
Vajiram and Ravi: Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram current affairs article
Vajiram and RaviAssociated With: India Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram, Page text
Quote, Associated With: India Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram, Page text
Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK) is a child health scheme for screening and treating diseases, defects, and deficiencies in children, now expanded with digital tracking and wider coverage.
View the Source
WHO AFRO: Government of Uganda Launches National Drive to End Preventable Child and Maternal Deaths
WHO Regional Office for AfricaAssociated With: Uganda Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn and Child Health Sharpened Plan, Page text
Quote, Associated With: Uganda Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn and Child Health Sharpened Plan, Page text
As part of the global “Committing to Child Survival: A Promise Renewed” movement, the Vice President of the Republic of Uganda, His Excellency Edward Ssekandi, unveiled a sharpened plan that aims to prevent an additional 40 per cent of Under 5 deaths and 26 per cent of maternal deaths by 2017.
View the Source
www.jnj.com: MomConnect
www.jnj.comAssociated With: MomConnect, Page text
Quote, Associated With: MomConnect, Page text
MomConnect messages are designed to build an emotional connection with mothers, encouraging and empowering them to take an active role in their healthcare, while providing advice on the importance of attending antenatal visits, how to prepare for a healthy and safe labor, and the best ways to take care of their newborn.
View the Source
www.countdown2030.org: Countdown to 2030
www.countdown2030.orgAssociated With: Countdown to 2030, Page text
Quote, Associated With: Countdown to 2030, Page text
Countdown’s focus broadened during its 2008 cycle to encompass the MNCH continuum of care, and effective maternal and reproductive health interventions were added to the list of interventions that it tracks.
View the Source
Ley No. 2426 del Seguro Universal Materno Infantil, Bolivia, 21 de noviembre de 2002
Congreso Nacional de Bolivia, Gaceta Oficial del Estado de Bolivia, via LexiVoxAssociated With: Bolivia Seguro Universal Materno Infantil, Articulo 1, Objeto
Quote, Associated With: Bolivia Seguro Universal Materno Infantil, Articulo 1, Objeto
Se crea el Seguro Universal Materno Infantil en todo el territorio nacional, con carácter universal, integral y gratuito, para otorgar las prestaciones de salud en los niveles de atención del Sistema Nacional de Salud y del Sistema de Seguridad Social de Corto Plazo.
View the Source
nigeriahealthwatch.com: Nigeria Midwives Service Scheme
nigeriahealthwatch.comAssociated With: Nigeria Midwives Service Scheme, Page text
Quote, Associated With: Nigeria Midwives Service Scheme, Page text
The aim at the onset was to provide an emergency stop gap to the human resource shortage of skilled attendance at the level of Primary Health Care in Nigeria by mobilizing and deploying these midwives to health facilities in rural communities.
View the Source
Colombian Institute of Family Welfare - Wikipedia
Wikimedia FoundationAssociated With: Colombia Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar, Program classification, entity description sentence
Quote, Associated With: Colombia Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar, Program classification, entity description sentence
The Colombian Institute of Family Welfare (Spanish: Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar; ICBF) is a Colombian government agency, in charge of preventing and protecting children and adolescents in vulnerable conditions. It was established in 1968, by President Carlos Lleras Restrepo, at the initiative of his wife, the First Lady, Cecilia de la Fuente de Lleras, through the "Cecilia" law.
View the Source
Wikipedia: Maternal and Child Health Handbook
WikipediaAssociated With: Indonesia Maternal and Child Health Handbook Program, Wikipedia summary, program classification
Quote, Associated With: Indonesia Maternal and Child Health Handbook Program, Wikipedia summary, program classification
The first half of the handbook includes a section for recording pregnancy and childbirth, and for a newborn baby, there is a section for periodic health examinations, immunizations (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, polio, measles, etc.), and dental examinations until the child enters elementary school.
View the Source
UNFPA Cambodia: Fast Track Initiative Road Map for Reducing Maternal and Newborn Mortality, 2016-2020
United Nations Population Fund, Cambodia Country OfficeAssociated With: Cambodia Fast Track Initiative Road Map for Reducing Maternal and Newborn Mortality, Text of the cited page
Quote, Associated With: Cambodia Fast Track Initiative Road Map for Reducing Maternal and Newborn Mortality, Text of the cited page
The Fast Track Initiative Roadmap (FTIRM) for Reducing Maternal and Newborn Mortality 2010-2015 was developed in 2009 as a means of accelerating reductions in maternal and newborn mortality and progress toward achieving Millennium Development Goal (MDG)4 and 5.
View the Source
Partnership for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health, Wikipedia
Associated With: Partnership for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health, Text of the cited page
Quote, Associated With: Partnership for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health, Text of the cited page
Members collaborate through PMNCH to advance sexual, reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health.
View the Source
Wikipedia: Global Strategy for Women's and Children's Health
WikipediaAssociated With: Global Strategy for Women's and Children's Health, Lead section
Quote, Associated With: Global Strategy for Women's and Children's Health, Lead section
The Global Strategy for Women's and Children's Health was a program of the United Nations (UN) directed at improving women's and children's health in the developing world.
View the Source
Child survival revolution (Wikipedia)
Associated With: Child Survival Revolution, Lead section
Quote, Associated With: Child Survival Revolution, Lead section
The child survival revolution (also called the child survival and development revolution) was an effort started by UNICEF (but joined by others) to reduce child mortality in the developing world.
View the Source
Wikipedia: Beyond Zero
Wikimedia FoundationAssociated With: Kenya Beyond Zero Campaign, Lead section
Quote, Associated With: Kenya Beyond Zero Campaign, Lead section
The campaign's first action was the donation of fully equipped mobile clinics to several counties in Kenya during the summer of 2014, beginning with Taita Taveta County. == Objectives == Beyond Zero has the overall goal of eliminating all preventable maternal and child deaths in Kenya by 2023.
View the Source
Maternal and Child Health Bureau, Wikipedia
Associated With: Maternal and Child Health Bureau, Lead section
Quote, Associated With: Maternal and Child Health Bureau, Lead section
The Maternal and Child Health Bureau (MCHB), is one of six Bureaus within the Health Resources and Services Administration, an agency of the U.S.
View the Source
Nurse-Family Partnership, Wikipedia
Associated With: Nurse-Family Partnership, Lead section
Quote, Associated With: Nurse-Family Partnership, Lead section
Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP) is a non-profit organization operating in the United States that connects mothers pregnant with their first child with registered nurses, who provide home visits until the child's second birthday.
View the Source
Wikipedia: White Ribbon Alliance
WikipediaAssociated With: White Ribbon Alliance, Lead section
Quote, Associated With: White Ribbon Alliance, Lead section
The White Ribbon Alliance (WRA) is an international non-profit organization that advocates for maternal health.
View the Source
Care Group approach, Wikipedia
Associated With: Care Group Approach, Lead section
Quote, Associated With: Care Group Approach, Lead section
The Care Group Approach is a community-based behavior change strategy that engages and leverages paid community health workers and volunteers to lower deaths and malnutrition in preschool children (<5 years) by promoting key behaviors for maternal, newborn, and child health.
View the Source
March of Dimes (Wikipedia)
Associated With: March of Dimes, Lead section
Quote, Associated With: March of Dimes, Lead section
March of Dimes is an American nonprofit organization that works to improve the health of mothers and babies.
View the Source
Every Newborn Action Plan, WHO
Associated With: Every Newborn Action Plan, Page text
Quote, Associated With: Every Newborn Action Plan, Page text
The global Every Newborn Action Plan (ENAP), launched in 2014, provides a road map of strategic actions for ending preventable newborn mortality and stillbirth and contributing to reducing maternal mortality and morbidity.
View the Source
Merck.com: Merck Expands Access to High-Quality Maternal Care for More Than 30 Million Women Worldwide Through Merck for Mothers
Merck and CompanyAssociated With: Merck for Mothers, Page text
Quote, Associated With: Merck for Mothers, Page text
Merck for Mothers supports the company’s work in expanding access to health and accelerating progress toward the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG 3), which aims to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all.
View the Source
Johns Hopkins CCP: Wazazi Nipendeni Safe Motherhood Campaign Launches in Tanzania
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Center for Communication ProgramsAssociated With: Tanzania Wazazi Nipendeni Campaign, Page text
Quote, Associated With: Tanzania Wazazi Nipendeni Campaign, Page text
Hussein Ali Mwinyi officially launched the Wazazi Nipendeni Safe Motherhood campaign . “Through the Wazazi Nipendeni Safe Motherhood campaign, Tanzania is rolling out the Campaign on Accelerated Reduction of Maternal Mortality in Africa in Tanzania (CARMMAT),” explained Dr.
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Frontiers in Public Health: Appraisal of Universal Health Insurance and Maternal Health Services Utilization (2024)
Frontiers in Public HealthAssociated With: Indonesia Jampersal, Page text
Quote, Associated With: Indonesia Jampersal, Page text
Indonesia achieved universal maternal health coverage through a range of channels, including Askes (public sector social insurance coverage), Jamsostek (private sector social insurance coverage), and Jampersal (childbirth assurance coverage).
View the Source
PassBlue: A Traditional Chief Slashes Maternal Deaths in Malawi
PassBlueAssociated With: Malawi Presidential Initiative on Maternal Health and Safe Motherhood, Page text
Quote, Associated With: Malawi Presidential Initiative on Maternal Health and Safe Motherhood, Page text
Recognizing his achievement, President Joyce Banda asked Kwataine (pronounced kwa-TAYNE) a year ago to head her new Presidential Initiative on Maternal Health and Safe Motherhood .
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Reproductive and Child Health Programme in India (BNS Institute)
BNS InstituteAssociated With: India Reproductive and Child Health Programme, Page text
Quote, Associated With: India Reproductive and Child Health Programme, Page text
When India launched the Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) Programme on 15th October 1997, it marked a turning point in how the nation approached maternal and child healthcare.
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Wikipedia: National Healthy Mothers, Healthy Babies Coalition
WikipediaAssociated With: Text4baby, Article text
Quote, Associated With: Text4baby, Article text
On February 4, 2010, Chief Technology Officer of the United States and Associate Director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy Aneesh Chopra announced the launch of Text4baby, an educational program of HMHB developed through a broad public-private partnership.
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jhpiego.org: Helping Mothers Survive (Jhpiego)
jhpiego.orgAssociated With: Helping Mothers Survive, Page text
Quote, Associated With: Helping Mothers Survive, Page text
As the global secretariat for HMS, Jhpiego introduced the HMS approach and has reached more than 100,000 providers in 65+ countries.
View the Source
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov: Helping Babies Breathe programme review
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.govAssociated With: Helping Babies Breathe, Page text
Quote, Associated With: Helping Babies Breathe, Page text
In 2010, the American Academy of Pediatrics and partners in the Helping Babies Breathe Global Development Alliance began disseminating the Helping Babies Breathe (HBB) programme of measures, which is based on the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation Consensus on Science and World Health Organization Guidelines on Basic New‐born Resuscitation 15 .
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